Saint Agnes of Rome

David Gauld (1865 - 1936)

Saint Agnes

1889–1890

Oil on canvas

61.3 x 35.8 cm

National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

Gauld was a good friend of Charles Rennie Mackintosh and had studied part-time at Glasgow School of Art.

He designed for stained-glass windows and one can see there is a glass design or tapestry quality to this work

One of the "Glasgow Boys", one can see the influence of Japanese painting and the pre-Raphaelites

The painting was shown at the Munich (Glaspalast) International Exhibition of 1890

It was exhibited there with his work "Music in Japan" which is now in The Hunterian Museum at The University of Glasgow

Saint Agnes  was sold to the influential art dealer Alexander Reid,  friend and model of James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Vincent van Gogh

The work has been described as "an extraordinary anticipation of Art Nouveau"

This was not Gauld`s first work or the last on the theme of St Agnes. In 1889, he finished The Procession of St Agnes:

David Gauld (1865 - 1936)

The Procession of Saint Agnes

c 1893

Oil on canvas

90.8 by 76.2 cm

Private collection

St Agnes, the early Christian martyr who at the age of thirteen refused an arranged marriage, was executed in AD 304 

She became the patron saint of young girls and the subject of a famous poem by John Keats. 

St Agnes Eve, 20-21 January, was a time of celebration when young women could, according to legend, foretell their future husbands

It was contrary to Roman law to put a virgin to death. 

The death caused a scandal to the Roman populace  of the time. The leaders of Rome alleged that it was necessary to kill Christians in order to preserve the old Roman ways. However such acts  undermined their position

The fact that a young girl fortified only by her Chrisian faith was able to meet an unjust death so equably impressed and intrigued the Roman populace. Such testimony led to greater interest in the faith

In Sermon 273, St Augustine noted that in the recitation of names at the altar of Christ, the names of the Martyrs are recited in the most honoured place

St Agatha, Martyr

Mariano Rossi (1731-1807)

The Martyrdom of St Agnes

Oil on canvas

61 x 36 cm

Musée du Louvre, Paris

Rossi was born in Sicily and trained in Naples and in Rome, eventually returning home

He had many religious art commissions in Sicily and from Rome

He died in Rome and is buried in the Church of Santa Susanna, the American Catholic church in Rome

St. Agatha was born in Catania, Sicily in the 3rd century A.D

During the persecution of the Roman Emperor Trajanus Decus (AD 249- 251), she rejected the love of the Roman governor Quintianus and like Saint Agnes, was thrown into a brothel. She was subjected to violent tortures before dying a martyr`s death

Patron of Catania, her devotion is very strong in Sicily

Giovanni e Battista Baschenis

Martirio di Sant’Agata,

1488

Fresco

Church of St Agatha, Commezzadura

Her story prompted many depictions of her fate throughout Europe

Jean Bellegambe (c 1470- c 1534)

The Martyrdom of St Agatha

Oil on wooden panel

60 x 44 cm

Musée de la Chartreuse, Douai

Jean Bellegambe was active in the Franco-Netherlandish border town of Douai, now part of Northern France but earlier under the rule of the counts of Flanders. He was influenced by both French and Flemish art 

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo 1696 - 1770

Martyrdom of Saint Agatha

1734

Oil on canvas

48.9 cm x 30 cm

The Courtauld Gallery, London

Guglielmo Caccia (1568 - 1625)

St Agatha

Oil on canvas

113,5 cm x 230 cm

Chiesa di S. Maria Annunciata, Milan

Blessed Pope John Paul II said in a homily on 1st October 1999:

"From her very origins, the Church, although conditioned by the cultures surrounding her, has always recognized the full spiritual dignity of women, beginning with the unique vocation and mission of Mary, Mother of the Redeemer.  

From the very start, Christians have turned to women such as Felicity, Perpetua, Agatha, Lucy, Agnes, Cecilia and Anastasia - as the Roman Canon attests - with no less fervour than that reserved for saintly men."